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The prognosis of hydronephrosis is extremely variable and depends on the condition leading to hydronephrosis, whether one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) kidneys are affected, the pre-existing kidney function, the duration of hydronephrosis (acute or chronic), and whether hydronephrosis occurred in developing or mature kidneys. [citation needed]
It is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborns. The disorder varies in degree, with mild cases presenting late due to milder symptoms. More severe cases can have renal and respiratory failure from lung underdevelopment as result of low amniotic fluid volumes, requiring intensive care and close monitoring. [2]
It is the most common cause of hydronephrosis detected in utero and is the most common anomaly detected on prenatal ultrasounds. [1] [2] It occurs in approximately 1 in every 1500 live births, is most commonly seen in males, involves the left ureter twice as often as the right ureter. [1] [2] UPJ obstruction is transient in most cases. [2]
Renal colic, also known as ureteric colic, is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones.The most frequent site of obstruction is the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the upper urinary tract.
The fishhook ureter sign, also known as the "hockey stick" or "J-shaped" ureter sign, is a radiologic sign that has been used to describe the presence of a retrocaval ureter, which is an anatomical anomaly where the ureter abnormally runs posterior to the IVC.
Hydronephrosis is seen as an anechoic fluid-filled interconnected space with enhancement within the renal sinus, and normally, the dilated pelvis can be differentiated from the dilated calyces. [1] Figure 13. Hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a pediatric patient. [1] Several conditions can result in urinary obstruction.
The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine. Proper function of the kidney requires that it receives and adequately filters blood.
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a form of lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs. [1] The scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) involves the pulmonary interstitium (the supporting framework of the lung). UIP is thus classified as a form of interstitial lung disease.