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Hydronephrosis describes hydrostatic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction to urine flow downstream. Alternatively, hydroureter describes the dilation of the ureter, and hydronephroureter describes the dilation of the entire upper urinary tract (both the renal pelvicalyceal system and the ureter).
It is the most common cause of hydronephrosis detected in utero and is the most common anomaly detected on prenatal ultrasounds. [1] [2] It occurs in approximately 1 in every 1500 live births, is most commonly seen in males, involves the left ureter twice as often as the right ureter. [1] [2] UPJ obstruction is transient in most cases. [2]
Causes of pulmonary hypoplasia include a wide variety of congenital malformations and other conditions in which pulmonary hypoplasia is a complication. [1] These include congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, fetal hydronephrosis, caudal regression syndrome, mediastinal tumor, and sacrococcygeal teratoma with a large component inside the fetus.
urinothoraces) is defined as urine in the fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the lungs. [1] It is usually caused by obstructive uropathy. It is mainly diagnosed by analyzing the pleural fluid. Treatment involves treating the underlying condition, which typically results in resolution of the urinothorax. It is an extremely rare cause of pleural ...
The fishhook ureter sign, also known as the "hockey stick" or "J-shaped" ureter sign, is a radiologic sign that has been used to describe the presence of a retrocaval ureter, which is an anatomical anomaly where the ureter abnormally runs posterior to the IVC.
Hydronephrosis is seen as an anechoic fluid-filled interconnected space with enhancement within the renal sinus, and normally, the dilated pelvis can be differentiated from the dilated calyces. [1] Figure 13. Hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a pediatric patient. [1] Several conditions can result in urinary obstruction.
Swelling of brain cells – cerebral edema – causes various neurological abnormalities which in acute and/or severe cases can result in convulsions, coma, and death. [citation needed] The normal function of ADH on the kidneys is to control the amount of water reabsorbed by kidney nephrons
Chronic pyelonephritis implies recurrent kidney infections and can result in scarring of the renal parenchyma and impaired function, especially in the setting of obstruction. A perinephric abscess (infection around the kidney) and/or pyonephrosis may develop in severe cases of pyelonephritis.