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Christian cross variants 7th-century Byzantine solidus, showing Leontius holding a globus cruciger, with a stepped cross on the obverse side Double-barred cross symbol as used in a 9th-century Byzantine seal Greek cross (Church of Saint Sava) and Latin cross (St. Paul's cathedral) in church floorplans
A Latin cross plan is a floor plan found in many Christian churches and cathedrals. [8] When looked at from above or in plan view it takes the shape of a Latin cross (crux immissa). [9] Such cruciform churches were very common in the West during the Romanesque period. [2] The ideal church plan tended to be symmetrical around a central point ...
The Byzantine Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens, shows a Greek Cross plan with central dome and the axis marked by the narthex (transverse vestibule). Pisa Cathedral from the " Leaning Tower " shows the Latin Cross form, with projecting apse , foreground and free-standing baptistry at the west.
Churches of the Greek Cross form often have a narthex or vestibule which stretches across the front of the church. This type of plan was also to later play a part in the development of church architecture in Western Europe, most notably in Bramante's plan for St. Peter's Basilica. [4] [full citation needed] [6] [full citation needed]
In France the church of St Front, Périgueux, appears to have been modelled on St. Mark's Basilica, Venice, or the Byzantine Church of the Holy Apostles and is of a Greek cross plan with five domes. [48] In the same region, Angoulême Cathedral is an aisleless church of the Latin cross plan, more usual in France, but is also roofed with domes.
More often, the transepts extended well beyond the sides of the rest of the building, forming the shape of a cross. This design is called a Latin cross ground plan, and these extensions are known as the "arms" of the transept. [1] A Greek cross ground plan, with all four extensions the same length, produces a central-plan structure.
The inverted Latin cross is known as the Cross of Saint Peter. Media related to Cross of Saint Peter in heraldry at Wikimedia Commons Cross of Saint Philip The sideways Latin cross is associated with Philip the Apostle. [citation needed] Cross portate The oblique Latin cross, known as cross portate ("carried"), [22] is associated with Saint ...
Stylistic drift, technological advancement, and political and territorial changes meant that a distinct style gradually resulted in the Greek cross plan in church architecture. [3] Civil architecture continued Greco-Roman trends; the Byzantines built impressive fortifications and bridges, but generally not aqueducts on the same scales as the ...
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