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Bioconcentration. In aquatic toxicology, bioconcentration is the accumulation of a water-borne chemical substance in an organism exposed to the water. [1][2] There are several ways in which to measure and assess bioaccumulation and bioconcentration. These include: octanol-water partition coefficients (K OW), bioconcentration factors (BCF ...
First-hitting-time model. More colloquially, a first passage time in a stochastic system, is the time taken for a state variable to reach a certain value. Understanding this metric allows one to further understand the physical system under observation, and as such has been the topic of research in very diverse fields, from economics to ecology.
Survival analysis is a branch of statistics for analyzing the expected duration of time until one event occurs, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems. This topic is called reliability theory, reliability analysis or reliability engineering in engineering, duration analysis or duration modelling in economics ...
Stock-flow consistent models (SFC) are a family of macroeconomic models based on a rigorous accounting framework, that seeks to guarantee a correct and comprehensive integration of all the flows and the stocks of an economy. These models were first developed in the mid-20th century but have recently become popular, particularly within the post ...
Reproductive success is an individual's production of offspring per breeding event or lifetime. [1] This is not limited by the number of offspring produced by one individual, but also the reproductive success of these offspring themselves. Reproductive success is different from fitness in that individual success is not necessarily a determinant ...
Life history theory. Life history theory (LHT) is an analytical framework [1] designed to study the diversity of life history strategies used by different organisms throughout the world, as well as the causes and results of the variation in their life cycles. [2] It is a theory of biological evolution that seeks to explain aspects of organisms ...
Value of life. The value of life is an economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality. [1] It is also referred to as the cost of life, value of preventing a fatality (VPF), implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), and value of a statistical life (VSL). In social and political sciences, it is the marginal cost of death ...
Product lifetime or product lifespan is the time interval from when a product is sold to when it is discarded. [1] Product lifetime is slightly different from service life because the latter considers only the effective time the product is used. [1] It is also different from product economic life which refers to the point where maintaining a ...