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Titanium carbide, Ti C, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9–9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It has the appearance of black powder with the sodium chloride (face-centered cubic) crystal structure. It occurs in nature as a form of the very rare mineral khamrabaevite (Russian: Хамрабаевит) - (Ti,V,Fe)C.
Boron carbide, B 4 C, on the other hand, has an unusual structure which includes icosahedral boron units linked by carbon atoms. In this respect boron carbide is similar to the boron rich borides. Both silicon carbide (also known as carborundum) and boron carbide are very hard materials and refractory. Both materials are important industrially.
Titanium forms a variety of sulfides, but only TiS 2 has attracted significant interest. It adopts a layered structure and was used as a cathode in the development of lithium batteries. Because Ti(IV) is a "hard cation", the sulfides of titanium are unstable and tend to hydrolyze to the oxide with release of hydrogen sulfide. [12]
Titanium diboride (TiB 2) is an extremely hard ceramic which has excellent heat conductivity, oxidation stability and wear resistance. TiB 2 is also a reasonable electrical conductor, [ 1 ] so it can be used as a cathode material in aluminium smelting and can be shaped by electrical discharge machining .
Titanium nitride (TiN; sometimes known as tinite) is an extremely hard ceramic material, often used as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating on titanium alloys, steel, carbide, and aluminium components to improve the substrate's surface properties.
A 1948 graduate of MIT, Stanley Abkowitz (1927-2017) was a pioneer in the titanium industry and is credited for the invention of the Ti-6Al-4V during his time at the US Army’s Watertown Arsenal Laboratory in the early 1950s. [4] Titanium/Aluminum/Vanadium alloy was hailed as a major breakthrough with strategic military significance.
The structure of cemented carbide is conceptually similar to that of a grinding wheel, but the abrasive particles are much smaller; macroscopically, the material of a carbide cutter appears homogeneous. The process of combining the carbide particles with the binder is referred to as sintering or hot isostatic pressing (HIP). During this process ...
Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering [7] for use in industrial machinery, engineering facilities, [8] molding blocks, [9] cutting tools, chisels, abrasives, armor ...