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Temozolomide is an alkylating agent used to treat serious brain cancers; most commonly as second-line treatments for astrocytoma and as the first-line treatment for glioblastoma. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Olaparib in combination with temozolomide demonstrated substantial clinical activity in relapsed small cell lung cancer . [ 8 ]
The decision to prescribe this treatment is based on a patient's overall health, type of tumor, and extent of cancer. The toxicity and many side effects of the drugs, and the uncertain outcome of chemotherapy in brain tumors puts this treatment further down the line of treatment options with surgery and radiation therapy preferred. [79]
Side effects include the possibility of local inflammation, leading to headaches, which can be treated with oral medication. Radiosurgery uses computer modelling to focus minimal radiation doses at the exact location of the tumour, while minimising the dose to the surrounding healthy brain tissue.
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side-effects for people with cancer and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that people receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side-effects, respectively. [98]
All treatments for CNS tumors have significant risks and side-effects. In cases where tumors are slow growing and do not cause symptoms, it may be preferable to closely watch the patient's condition without any treatment, until new test results or symptoms indicate that the patient's condition has worsened.
It is the most common cancer that begins within the brain and the second-most common brain tumor, after meningioma, which is benign in most cases. [6] [15] About 3 in 100,000 people develop the disease per year. [3] The average age at diagnosis is 64, and the disease occurs more commonly in males than females. [2] [3]
Altered brain structure in chemotherapy patients provides explanation for cognitive impairment. [12] Another study in 2007 investigated the differences in brain structure between two adult, monozygotic twin females. One underwent chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer, while the other did not have cancer and was not treated with chemotherapy.
The adverse effects of TTFields include local skin rashes and irritation caused by prolonged electrode use. [13] [7] [6] Compared with other cancer treatment methods, this effect is very minimal and tolerable for the patient. [13] This irritation can be controlled with steroid creams and periodic breaks from treatment. [7]
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