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[3] [4] It was introduced as a sedative and medication for morning sickness without having been tested on pregnant women. [5] While initially deemed to be safe in pregnancy, concerns regarding birth defects were noted in 1961, and the medication was removed from the market in Europe that year. [3] [6]
Thalidomide is a known human teratogen and carries an extremely high risk of severe, life-threatening birth defects if administered or taken during pregnancy. [6] It causes skeletal deformities such as amelia (absence of legs and/or arms), absence of bones, and phocomelia (malformation of the limbs).
Pyridoxine/doxylamine, sold under the brand name Diclectin among others, is a combination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B 6) and doxylamine succinate.It is generally used for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (morning sickness); even though its efficacy has not been proven and subsequent research has led to the removal of recommendations in medical journals.
The S enantiomer causes birth defects, while the R enantiomer is effective against morning sickness. Thalidomide: Thalidomide is racemic. One enantiomer is effective against morning sickness, whereas the other is teratogenic. However, the enantiomers are converted into each other in vivo. [18]
Phocomelia is a congenital condition that involves malformations of human arms and legs which result in a flipper-like appendage. [1] [2] A prominent cause of phocomelia is the mother being prescribed the use of the drug thalidomide during pregnancy; however, the causes of most cases are to be determined.
According to the risk assessment, keeping track of feed consumption can lead to a 96% chance that an infected chicken is not processed for market, and can reduce the risk of human disease by 23 ...
GDF15—a hormone that exists throughout the body in low levels, but is produced in the placenta at higher levels during pregnancy—is indeed the cause of morning sickness, a new study out of the ...
The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may relate to changing levels of estrogen and the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin. [2] [9] Some have proposed that morning sickness may be useful from an evolutionary point of view -it may protect both the pregnant woman and the developing embryo just when the fetus is most vulnerable. [1]