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Clasp-knife response refers to a Golgi tendon reflex with a rapid decrease in resistance when attempting to flex a joint, usually during a neurological examination. It is one of the characteristic responses of an upper motor neuron lesion .
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely upper motor neuron lesions. [1] Impaired ability of damaged motor neurons to regulate descending pathways gives rise to disordered spinal reflexes , increased excitability of muscle spindles ...
Spasticity can be in the form of the clasp-knife response, in which there is increased resistance only at the beginning or at the end of the movement. Rigidity can be of the leadpipe type, in which there is resistance throughout to passive movement, or it may be of cogwheel type, in which the resistance to passive movement is in a jerky manner.
Spasticity can be differentiated from rigidity with the help of simple clinical examination, as rigidity is a uniform increase in the tone of agonist and antagonist muscles which is not related to the velocity at which the movement is performed passively and remains the same throughout the range of movement while spasticity is a velocity ...
Clasp-knife response where initial higher resistance to movement is followed by a lesser resistance; Babinski sign is present, where the big toe is raised (extended) rather than curled downwards (flexed) upon appropriate stimulation of the sole of the foot. The presence of the Babinski sign is an abnormal response in adulthood.
This causes increased resistance to passive movement (that the patient does not initiate), called spasticity, which is associated with another neurological sign, the clasp-knife response, in which the spastic muscle initially resists passive movement strongly, and then suddenly yields—like the motion of a pocketknife.
Leadpipe rigidity is sustained resistance to passive movement throughout the whole range of motion, with no fluctuations. Cogwheel rigidity is jerky resistance to passive movement as muscles tense and relax. Spasticity, a special form of rigidity, is present only at the start of passive movement. It is rate-dependent and only elicited upon a ...
When limbs of the person with PD are passively moved by others, a "cogwheel rigidity" is commonly seen. [1] Cogwheel-like or ratchety jerks are characterized by the articulation moving as opposed to the normal fluid movement; when a muscle is externally tried to move, it resists at first, but with enough force, it is partially moved until it ...