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Equisetum (/ ˌ ɛ k w ɪ ˈ s iː t əm /; horsetail) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. [2]Equisetum is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire subclass Equisetidae, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the understorey of late Paleozoic forests.
Equisetaceae is the only surviving family of the Equisetales, a group with many fossils of large tree-like plants that possessed ribbed stems similar to modern horsetails. Pseudobornia is the oldest known relative of Equisetum ; it grew in the late Devonian , about 375 million years ago and is assigned to its own order.
Ephedra foliata is a species of gymnosperm in the Ephedraceae family. [3] It is referred to by the common name shrubby horsetail. It is native to North Africa, and Southwest Asia, from Morocco and Mauritania east to Turkmenistan, Pakistan, and Punjab State in India. [2] [4] [5] Taxonomy
The family Ephedraceae, of which Ephedra is the only extant genus, are gymnosperms, and generally shrubs, sometimes clambering vines, and rarely, small trees.Members of the genus frequently spread by the use of rhizomes.
The extant horsetails represent a tiny fraction of horsetail diversity in the past. There were three orders of the Equisetidae. The Pseudoborniales first appeared in the late Devonian. [1] The Sphenophyllales were a dominant member of the Carboniferous understory, and prospered until the mid and early Permian.
Equisetum hyemale (rough horsetail [2]) is an evergreen perennial herbaceous pteridophyte in the horsetail family Equisetaceae native to Eurasia and Greenland. It was formerly widely treated in a broader sense including a subspecies (subsp. affine ) in North America, but this is now treated as a separate species, Equisetum praealtum .
Equisetum × schaffneri is a horsetail (family Equisetaceae) which is believed to be an ancient, naturally occurring, widely distributed hybrid between Equisetum giganteum and Equisetum myriochaetum, all from the Neotropics. At each node there are as many as nineteen branchlets, each curving downward and then upward, and up to 18 inches (45 cm ...
Equisetum arvense, the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the Equisetidae (horsetails) sub-class, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has separate sterile non-reproductive and fertile spore-bearing stems growing from a perennial underground rhizomatous stem system.