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Astra (Sanskrit: "Weapon") is an Indian family of all weather beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. Different missiles of this family are capable of engaging targets at varying distances of 500 m (0.31 mi) up to 340 km (210 mi). [ 15 ]
Two sample pages of the 2002 Nautical Almanac published by the U.S. Naval Observatory. A nautical almanac is a publication describing the positions of a selection of celestial bodies for the purpose of enabling navigators to use celestial navigation to determine the position of their ship while at sea.
A diagram of a typical nautical sextant, a tool used in celestial navigation to measure the angle between two objects viewed by means of its optical sight. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the ...
Mk VIII Bubble sextant in use on a Short Sunderland. Isaac Newton developed the quadrant. The octant was a further improvement. It could measure altitudes of up to 90° above the horizon. The first bubble instruments, which were developed by Gago Coutinho, were bubble sextants that copied the features of an ordinary sextant.
The Bris sextant / ˈ b r iː s /, or Bris Mini-Sextant, is not a sextant proper, but is a small angle-measuring device that can be used for navigation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Bris is, however, a true reflecting instrument which derives its high accuracy from the same principle of double reflection which is fundamental to the octant, the true sextant ...
An interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) is a portal to manage technical documentation. IETMs compress volumes of text into just CD-ROMs or online pages which may include sound and video , and allow readers to locate needed information far more rapidly than in paper manuals.
For that reason, Admiral John Campbell, who conducted shipboard experiments with the lunar distance method, suggested a larger instrument and the sextant was developed. [10] From that time onward, the sextant was the instrument that experienced significant development and improvements and was the instrument of choice for naval navigators.
By taking a sextant reading within 15 to 30 minutes prior to local noon (culmination) and noting the time, then leaving the sextant set to the same angle and subsequently observing the moment in time at which the sun passes through the sight tube on its descent from its highest altitude between a half-hour and hour later, the two times can be ...