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Fat hydrogenation is the process of combining unsaturated fat with hydrogen in order to partially or completely convert it into saturated fat.Typically this hydrogenation is done with liquid vegetable oils resulting in solid or semi-solid fats.
In the hydrogenation of vegetable oils and fatty acids, for example, the heat released, about 25 kcal per mole (105 kJ/mol), is sufficient to raise the temperature of the oil by 1.6–1.7 °C per iodine number drop. However, the reaction rate for most hydrogenation reactions is negligible in the absence of catalysts.
The production of hydrotreated vegetable oils is based on introducing hydrogen molecules into the raw fat or oil molecule. This process is associated with the reduction of the carbon compound. When hydrogen is used to react with triglycerides, different types of reactions can occur, and different resultant products are combined. [ 1 ]
Typically the feedstock (starting product) is a mixture of two or more oils. In particular, unsaturated vegetable oil can be interesterified with a fully hydrogenated version thereof, as in the illustration to the right. This procedure yields less saturated fat without creating the trans fat that would be produced by partial hydrogenation. [3]
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. [1] Soybean oil, grape seed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of ...
This process, called hydrogenation, is used to turn vegetable oils into solid or semisolid vegetable fats like margarine, which can substitute for tallow and butter and (unlike unsaturated fats) resist rancidification. Under some conditions, hydrogenation can creates some unwanted trans acids from cis acids. [13]
“A healthy diet is rich in nuts, good vegetable oils, legumes, and whole grains, with only small amounts of animal products, except for dairy and fish.” ... “They usually come in the form of ...
Industrial machines for extracting oil mechanically are call expellers. Many expellers add heat and pressure, in order to increase the amount of oil extracted. If the temperature does not exceed 120 °F, the oil can be called "cold-pressed". [3] In modern vegetable oil production, oils are usually extracted chemically, using a solvent such as ...