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Methods for measuring the two enantiomers are straightforward and include normal-phase liquid chromatography, [163] liquid chromatography with a chiral column. [175] However, since methods can be used to alter the two enantiomers, it may not be possible to distinguish tobacco-derived from synthetic nicotine simply by measuring the levels of the ...
A potentially fatal dose for a child is 0.1–0.2 mg/kg of body weight, [87] or 6 mg. [70] [197] A fatal dose for an adult is 0.5–1 mg/kg [87] or about 30–60 mg. [198] However the widely-used human LD 50 estimate of around 0.8 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the ...
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
The FDA said it authorized four menthol e-cigarettes from NJOY, the vaping brand recently acquired by tobacco giant Altria, which also makes Marlboro cigarettes. The decision lends new credibility ...
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Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
Electronic cigarettes are marketed to smoking and non-smoking men, women, and children as being safer than cigarettes. [1] In the 2010s, large tobacco businesses accelerated their marketing spending on vape products, [2] [3] similar to the strategies traditional cigarette companies used in the 1950s and 1960s.
Glycerin was long thought to be a safe e-liquid additive. However, formaldehyde is a known product of propylene glycol and glycerol vapor degradation, [15] and may cause lung inflammation. [16] Lipid pneumonia is known to cause lung inflammation, with exogenous and endogenous factors that cause this disease. [citation needed]