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During the late 1940s, Robinson spent a year or so at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica researching game theory. Her 1949 technical report, "On the Hamiltonian game (a traveling salesman problem)," [9] is the first publication to use the phrase "travelling salesman problem". [10]
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852), also known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.
Frances Elizabeth Allen (August 4, 1932 – August 4, 2020) [2] [3] was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of optimizing compilers. [4] [5] [6] Allen was the first woman to become an IBM Fellow, and in 2006 became the first woman to win the Turing Award. [7]
Ada Lovelace was the first person to publish an algorithm intended to be executed by the first modern computer, the Analytical Engine created by Charles Babbage. As a result, she is often regarded as the first computer programmer. [9] [10] [11] Lovelace was introduced to Babbage's difference engine when she was 17. [12]
Pixelles hosts their first game-programming incubator in Montreal. [149] Computer scientist, Muffy Calder, starts as the Chief Scientific Advisor for the Scottish Government. [150] Ginni Rometty becomes the first woman to serve as president and CEO of IBM. [14] Eva Tardos earns the Gödel Prize. [99]
The first prototype of a computer mouse, as designed by Bill English from Engelbart's sketches [1]. Early dynamic information devices such as radar displays, where input devices were used for direct control of computer-created data, set the basis for later improvements of graphical interfaces. [2]
Built the first digital freely programmable computer, the Z1. Built the first functional program-controlled computer, the Z3 in 1941. [59] The Z3 already used what later became known as Reverse Polish Notation, and it was proven to be Turing-complete in 1998. Produced the world's first commercial computer, the Z4.
Marie Charpentier (1903–1994), first woman to earn a doctorate in pure mathematics in France and second to obtain a faculty position there; Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), French translator and commentator of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica; Françoise Chatelin (1941–2020), French applied mathematician and numerical analyst