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Dose de-escalation below the starting doses in case of poor patient's chemotherapy tolerability applies to cyclophosphamide only. If the nadir ANC > 500/μL, then the doses of etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide for the next cycle are all increased by 20% over the doses used in the previous cycle.
The dosage in patients without severe renal impairment is 50 μg/kg subcutaneously once a day either abdominal, in thigh, or hip. Most patients will be able to self-administer the drug after appropriate training. Patients with severe renal impairment should receive only 25 μg/kg daily.
Lomustine is an alkylating chemotherapy drug that is indicated by the FDA for the treatment of patients with brain tumors (primary and metastatic), following any necessary surgery and radiation, as well as for treatment of progressive Hodgkin’s lymphoma. [8]
The Pathway Interaction Database (PID) is a free biomedical database of human cellular signaling pathways. [1] The database contains information about the molecular interactions and reactions that take place in cells, with a particular focus on processes that might be relevant to cancer research and treatment.
FOLFIRI is a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of colorectal cancer.It is made up of the following drugs: [1] FOL – folinic acid (), a vitamin B derivative with multiple applications, which in this context decreases the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil;
A phase I clinical trial in cancer patients was performed in 2006. [11] A phase III trial treating thyroid cancer patients started in March 2011. [12] Lenvatinib was granted orphan drug status for treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine in the US and Japan in 2012 and in Europe in 2013. [13]
Procarbazine is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain cancers. [1] For Hodgkin's it is often used together with chlormethine, vincristine, and prednisone while for brain cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme it is used with lomustine and vincristine. [1]
In the cancer disease state, the interaction of PD-L1 on the tumor cells with PD-1 on a T-cell reduces T-cell function signals to prevent the immune system from attacking the tumor cells. [9] Use of an inhibitor that blocks the interaction of PD-L1 with the PD-1 receptor can prevent the cancer from evading the immune system in this way. [9]