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In 1907, when Oklahoma became a state, it was given a fair share of seats and the total number of seats increased by that number. The House increased from 386 to 391 members. A recomputation of apportionment affected the number of seats because of other states: New York lost a seat while Maine gained one. [1]: 232–233 [2]
We can use Boole's Inequality to solve this problem. By finding the complement of event "all five are good", we can change this question into another condition: P(at least one estimation is bad) = 0.05 ≤ P(A 1 is bad) + P(A 2 is bad) + P(A 3 is bad) + P(A 4 is bad) + P(A 5 is bad) One way is to make each of them equal to 0.05/5 = 0.01, that ...
The practical problem of checking whether a coin is fair might be considered as easily solved by performing a sufficiently large number of trials, but statistics and probability theory can provide guidance on two types of question; specifically those of how many trials to undertake and of the accuracy of an estimate of the probability of ...
Goldbach’s Conjecture. One of the greatest unsolved mysteries in math is also very easy to write. Goldbach’s Conjecture is, “Every even number (greater than two) is the sum of two primes ...
A procedure by Aziz and Mackenzie (2016) [7] finds an envy-free division for n people in a bounded number of queries. The negative result in the general case is much weaker than in the connected case. All we know is that every algorithm for envy-free division must use at least Ω(n 2) queries. There is a large gap between this result and the ...
For example, the union of three sets A, B, and C contains all elements of A, all elements of B, and all elements of C, and nothing else. Thus, x is an element of A ∪ B ∪ C if and only if x is in at least one of A, B, and C. A finite union is the union of a finite number of sets; the phrase does not imply that the union set is a finite set ...
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In the mathematics of social science, and especially game theory, a moving-knife procedure is a type of solution to the fair division problem. The canonical example is the division of a cake using a knife .