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His primary interest was the position of women in early society, and — in particular — Morgan's insistence that the matrilineal clan preceded the family as society's fundamental unit. 'The mother-right gens', wrote Engels in his survey of contemporary historical materialist scholarship, 'has become the pivot around which the entire science ...
State societies are more stratified [35] than other societies; there is a greater difference among the social classes. The ruling class, normally concentrated in the cities, has control over much of the surplus and exercises its will through the actions of a government or bureaucracy.
The earliest bronze artifacts have been found in the Majiayao culture site (3100 to 2700 BC). [121] [122] Chinese civilization begins during the second phase of the Erlitou period (1900 to 1500 BC), with Erlitou considered the first state level society of East Asia. [123]
It was the first to practice intensive year-round agriculture; [citation needed] created one of the first coherent writing systems, [18] invented the potter's wheel and then the vehicular wheel, [15] created the first centralised governments, [24] law codes [25] and empires, [26] as well as displaying social stratification, [23] slavery, [25 ...
Human history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers.They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age and had spread across Earth's continental land except Antarctica by the end of the Ice Age 12,000 years ago.
A cave in the Himalayas revealed the most detailed explanation yet for the ancient civilization’s decline.
Some of the earliest evidence comes in the form of an animal figurine from Iran dated to c. 5000 BC with incised decorations that might possibly represent wool. At Kosak Shamali [ d ] , an Ubaid site in northern Syria, indirect evidence for wool production has been found in the form of spindle whorls , clay scrapers, and a clay sealing with a ...
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