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The closer to 1, the more concentrated power is. There is a general but not strict correlation between concentration and polarity. It is rare to find a result over 0.5, but a result between 0.4 and 0.5 usually indicates a unipolar system, while a result between 0.2 and 0.4 usually indicated a bipolar or multipolar system.
At the North American T2 rate (6.312 Mbit/s), bipolar violations are inserted if 6 or more consecutive zeros occur. This line code is called bipolar with six-zero substitution (B6ZS), and replaces 6 consecutive zeros with the pattern "0VB0VB". Depending on the polarity of the preceding mark, that could be 0+−0−+ or 0−+0+−.
If those multipoles are coupled by some exchange mechanisms, those multipoles could tend to have some ordering as conventional spin 1/2 Heisenberg problem. Except the multipolar ordering, many hidden order phenomena are believed closely related to the multipolar interactions [11] [14] [15]
The disparity of a bit pattern is the difference in the number of one bits vs the number of zero bits. The running disparity is the running total of the disparity of all previously transmitted bits. [5] The simplest possible line code, unipolar, gives too many errors on such systems, because it has an unbounded DC component.
For this reason, unipolar encoding is not normally used in data communications today. An Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC) is a family of (0,1) sequences with good auto- and cross-correlation properties for unipolar environments. [2] They differ from codes developed for electrical communication which are usually bipolar. i.e. (−1,1
[1] [2] [3] Kleist coined the terms unipolar (‘einpolig’) and bipolar (‘zweipolig’) that are now used in the concepts of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. [4] His main publications were in the field of neurology, and he is particularly known for his work on the localisation of function in the cerebral cortex of man including ...
Other line codes with this property include NRZI, bipolar encoding, coded mark inversion, and MLT-3 encoding. If the high and low signal levels have the same magnitude with opposite polarity, the average voltage around each unconditional transition is zero.
In this code, a binary 0 is encoded as zero volts, as in unipolar encoding, whereas a binary 1 is encoded alternately as a positive voltage or a negative voltage. The name arose because, in the context of a T-carrier, a binary '1' is referred to as a "mark", while a binary '0' is called a "space". [1]