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Climate change is affecting the distribution of these diseases due to the expanding geographic range and seasonality of these diseases and their vectors. [ 5 ] : 9 Though many infectious diseases are affected by changes in climate, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever and leishmaniasis, present the strongest causal relationship.
Malaria deaths declined steadily between 2000 and 2019, from 864,000 to 576,000. They rose during the pandemic, and an estimated 608,000 people died of the disease last year, mainly young children.
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Global Malaria Action Plan (GMAP) [1] is the first single comprehensive blueprint for global malaria control and elimination. It outlines strategies, costs, goals and timelines designed to build on the trajectory of recent successes in malaria control, moving towards full malaria control and beyond in countries across the globe.
Climate patterns influence the lifespan of mosquitos as well as the rate and frequency of reproduction. Climate change impacts have been of great interest to those studying these diseases and their vectors. [64] Additionally, climate impacts mosquito blood feeding patterns as well as extrinsic incubation periods. [58]
Malaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. Several malaria vaccines are under development. For pregnant women who are living in malaria endemic areas, routine malaria chemoprevention is recommended. It improves anemia and parasite level in the blood for the pregnant women and the birthweight in their infants. [1]
Climate change is likely to affect malaria transmission, but the degree of effect and the areas affected is uncertain. [234] Greater rainfall in certain areas of India, and following an El Niño event is associated with increased mosquito numbers. [235] Since 1900 there has been substantial change in temperature and rainfall over Africa. [236]
The Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) is a nonprofit academic group led by Peter Gething, Kerry M Stokes Chair in Child Health, at the Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia. The group is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation , with previous funding also coming from the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust .