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The boomerang sign is a radiological finding observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, particularly in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. It refers to a characteristic boomerang-shaped area of restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum due to cytotoxic edema. [1]
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables the measurement of the restricted diffusion of water in tissue in order to produce neural tract images instead of using this data solely for the purpose of assigning contrast or colors to pixels in a cross-sectional image.
Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
[1] [4] Abnormal apparent diffusion coefficient is seen in about 20% of cases. [4] In 10–25% of cases of PRES there is evidence of hemorrhage on neuroimaging. Various types of hemorrhage may occur: hemorrhage into the brain tissue itself (intraparenchymal hemorrhage), sulcal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and microbleeds. [1]
The late part of the curve (towards high b values, generally above 1000 s/mm²) also presents some degree of curvature (Fig.2). This is because diffusion in biological tissues is not free (Gaussian), but can be hindered by many obstacles (in particular cell membranes) or even restricted (i.e. intracellular).
MRI scans showing hyperintensities. A hyperintensity or T2 hyperintensity is an area of high intensity on types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a human or of another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss.
Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia. There are four categories of cerebral hypoxia; they are, in order of increasing severity: diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal cerebral ischemia , cerebral infarction ...
Anterior cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes, basal ganglia, anterior fornix and anterior corpus callosum.