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Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic space probe developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. MGS was a global mapping mission that examined the entire planet, from the ionosphere down through the atmosphere to the surface. [1]
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Mars Surveyor may refer to various NASA Mars probes: Mars Global Surveyor, single orbiter launched in 1996; Mars Surveyor 1998, where NASA lost both probes: Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter), and; Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander) Mars Surveyor 2001, of which there were also to be two probes:
Mars Global Surveyor was the first orbiter launched by the US since 1976 when the Viking lander was sent to Mars. The purpose of Global Surveyor was to map the surface of Mars using the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), and a Magnetometer. MOC could capture high ...
These were first discovered by the Mars Global Surveyor. Alternate theories for the creation of surface gullies and channels include wind erosion, [55] liquid carbon dioxide, [56] and liquid methane. [57] Observations with HiRISE show widespread activity in southern hemisphere gullies, especially in those that appear fresh.
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Mars Surveyor '98 was a mission in NASA's Mars Exploration Program that launched the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander to the planet Mars.The mission was to study the Martian weather, climate, water and carbon dioxide (CO 2) budget, to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to search for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes.
Scientists have wanted to find out which of these processes created grey hematite on Mars since 1998, when Mars Global Surveyor spotted large concentrations of the mineral near the planet's equator (seen in the right picture). This discovery provided the first mineral evidence that Mars' history may have included water.