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A fractional laser delivers laser light to the skin. Hundreds or thousands of laser pinpoints may be used per square inch, leaving healthy skin between the ablated areas. Complications observed in a study of 961 treatments included acne and herpes outbreaks. [6] There have been anecdotal negative accounts of bad scarring and hyperpigmentation. [7]
Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a technology used by cosmetic and medical practitioners to perform various skin treatments for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes, including hair removal, photorejuvenation (e.g. the treatment of skin pigmentation, sun damage, and thread veins) as well as to alleviate dermatologic diseases such as acne.
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. [ 1 ] Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans ( general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , orthodontics , [ 2 ] and oral and maxillofacial surgery ) as well as veterinary [ 3 ] surgical fields.
By the 1970s, he was applying low level laser light to treat people with skin ulcers. [12] In 1974, he founded the Laser Research Center at the Semmelweis Medical University in Budapest, and continued working there for the remainder of his life. [38] His sons carried on his work and brought it to the United States. [37]
One of the first published articles describing laser hair removal was authored by the group at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1998. [2] [3] Laser hair removal is widely practiced in clinics, and even in homes using devices designed and priced for consumer self-treatment. Many reviews of laser hair removal methods, safety, and efficacy have ...
The time duration (pulse duration) of the laser energy must be very short, so that the tattoo pigment is heated to fragmentation temperature before its heat can dissipate to the surrounding skin. Otherwise, heating of the surrounding tissue can cause burns or scars. For laser tattoo removal, this duration should be on the order of nanoseconds.
However, despite being a benign condition, liver spots are sometimes considered unsightly and some people choose to have them removed. This can be done by electrosurgery, laser treatment, cryotherapy, or the use of depigmentation agents, such as hydroquinone, [8] tretinoin, [8] topical cysteamine, [9] azelaic acid, [10] or alpha hydroxy acids. [11]
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10 −12 s) or femtoseconds (10 −15 s). A laser operated in this way is sometimes referred to as a femtosecond laser , for example, in modern refractive surgery .