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A terrestrial cable is a communications cable which crosses land, rather than water. Terrestrial cable may be subterranean (buried) or aerial (suspended from poles ), and may be fiber or copper . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term "terrestrial cable" is principally used to distinguish it from submarine cable , [ 3 ] although some overlap exists between the two.
Schematic representation of the tree topology of retail distribution networks. The "last mile" links are represented by the fine lines at the bottom. The increasing worldwide demand for rapid, low-latency and high-volume communication of information to homes and businesses has made economical information distribution and delivery increasingly important.
where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor). This approximately means an additional millisecond round-trip delay (RTT) per 100 km (or 62 miles) of distance between hosts. Other delays also occur in intermediate nodes.
Fiber-optic communication remains the medium of choice for Internet backbone providers for several reasons. Fiber-optics allow for fast data speeds and large bandwidth, suffer relatively little attenuation — allowing them to cover long distances with few repeaters — and are immune to crosstalk and other forms of electromagnetic interference.
OC-12 is a network line with transmission speeds of up to 622.08 Mbit/s (payload: 601.344 Mbit/s; overhead: 20.736 Mbit/s).. OC-12 lines were commonly used by ISPs as wide area network (WAN) connections, or connecting xDSL customers to a larger internal network [3]
FM video could be also carried in fiber optics, [66] and fiber optics eventually replaced coaxial cables in supertrunks. [57] Bandwidth in cable networks increased from 216 MHz to 300 MHz in the 1970s, [50] to 400 MHz in the 1980s, [57] [67] [68] to 550 MHz, 600 MHz and 750 MHz in the 1990s, [67] [69] [70] and to 870 MHz in the year 2000. [71]
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EIA/TIA-455-37A FOTP-37 Low or High Temperature Bend Test for Fiber Optic Cable; EIA/TIA-455-48B FOTP-48 Measurement of Optical Fiber Cladding Diameter Using Laser-Based Instruments; EIA/TIA-455-87B FOTP-87 Fiber Optic Cable Knot Test; EIA/TIA-455-188 FOTP-188 Low Temperature Testing of Fiber Optic Components; EIA-476 Date Code Marking