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Deep eutectic solvents or DESs are solutions of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases which form a eutectic mixture. [1] Deep eutectic solvents are highly tunable through varying the structure or relative ratio of parent components and thus have a wide variety of potential applications including catalytic, separation, and electrochemical processes.
A eutectic system or eutectic mixture (/ j uː ˈ t ɛ k t ɪ k / yoo-TEK-tik) [1] is a type of a homogeneous mixture that has a melting point lower than those of the constituents. [2] The lowest possible melting point over all of the mixing ratios of the constituents is called the eutectic temperature .
One example is eutectic mixture. In a eutectic system, there is particular mixing ratio where the solidus and liquidus temperatures coincide at a point known as the invariant point. At the invariant point, the mixture undergoes a eutectic reaction where both solids melt at the same temperature. [3]
PVP is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, [30] as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin). [31] When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in ...
Low-temperature ionic liquids can be compared to ionic solutions, liquids that contain both ions and neutral molecules, and in particular to the so-called deep eutectic solvents, mixtures of ionic and non-ionic solid substances which have much lower melting points than the pure compounds. Certain mixtures of nitrate salts can have melting ...
A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for polar molecules, and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. Major uses of solvents are in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. [2]
WB Hardy linked formation of biological colloids with phase separation in his study of globulins, stating that: "The globulin is dispersed in the solvent as particles which are the colloid particles and which are so large as to form an internal phase", [6] and further contributed to the basic physical description of oil-water phase separation.
The crystal structures of solute and solvent must be similar. Complete solubility occurs when the solvent and solute have the same valency. [2] A metal is more likely to dissolve a metal of higher valency, than vice versa. [1] [3] [4] The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity.