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  2. Length contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction

    Length contraction is the phenomenon that a moving object's length is measured to be shorter than its proper length, which is the length as measured in the object's own rest frame. [1] It is also known as Lorentz contraction or Lorentz–FitzGerald contraction (after Hendrik Lorentz and George Francis FitzGerald ) and is usually only noticeable ...

  3. Thermal expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion

    A number of materials contract on heating within certain temperature ranges; this is usually called negative thermal expansion, rather than "thermal contraction".For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of water drops to zero as it is cooled to 3.983 °C (39.169 °F) and then becomes negative below this temperature; this means that water has a maximum density at this temperature, and ...

  4. Lorentz ether theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_ether_theory

    The so-called Length contraction without expansion perpendicularly to the line of motion and by the precise value = / (where l 0 is the length at rest in the aether) was given by Larmor in 1897 and by Lorentz in 1904. In the same year, Lorentz also argued that electrons themselves are also affected by this contraction.

  5. Bell's spaceship paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_spaceship_paradox

    So, calculations made in both frames show that the thread will break; in S′ due to the non-simultaneous acceleration and the increasing distance between the spaceships, and in S due to length contraction of the thread. In the following, the rest length [3] or proper length [4] of an object

  6. Experimental testing of time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_testing_of...

    Length of the atmosphere: The contraction formula is given by = /, where L 0 is the proper length of the atmosphere and L its contracted length. As the atmosphere is at rest in S, we have γ=1 and its proper Length L 0 is measured. As it is in motion in S′, we have γ>1 and its contracted length L′ is measured.

  7. Michelson–Morley experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson–Morley_experiment

    A first step to explaining the Michelson and Morley experiment's null result was found in the FitzGerald–Lorentz contraction hypothesis, now simply called length contraction or Lorentz contraction, first proposed by George FitzGerald (1889) in a letter to same journal that published the Michelson-Morley paper, as "almost the only hypothesis ...

  8. Proto Labs (PRLB) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

    www.aol.com/finance/proto-labs-prlb-q4-2024...

    Image source: The Motley Fool. Proto Labs (NYSE: PRLB) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Feb 07, 2025, 8:30 a.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call ...

  9. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

    A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value. Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation , where N is the quantity and λ ( lambda ) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant , disintegration constant , [ 1 ] rate constant , [ 2 ] or ...