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Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4).
Kaolinite (/ ˈ k eɪ. ə l ə ˌ n aɪ t,-l ɪ-/ KAY-ə-lə-nyte, -lih-; also called kaolin) [5] [6] [7] is a clay mineral, with the chemical composition Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4.It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet of silica (SiO 4) linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina (AlO 6).
This system was developed by Albert Munsell, a painter, in the early 20th century to describe the full-color spectrum, though the specially adapted Munsell soil color books commonly used by soil scientists only include the most relevant colors for soil. [16] The Munsell color system includes the following three components: [1]
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water [1] and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis ...
Subsurface layer: dark reddish brown silty clay loam; Subsoil - upper: dark reddish brown clay; Subsoil - lower: red clay; Jory soils generally support forest vegetation, dominantly Douglas fir and Oregon white oak. They are very productive forest soils. Many areas have been cleared and are used for crops.
There are various factors that affect soil temperature, such as water content, [84] soil color, [85] and relief (slope, orientation, and elevation), [86] and soil cover (shading and insulation), in addition to air temperature. [87] The color of the ground cover and its insulating properties have a strong influence on soil temperature. [88]
Ultisol, commonly known as red clay soil, is one of twelve soil orders in the United States Department of Agriculture soil taxonomy. The word "Ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because Ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation .
This is a list of U.S. state soils.A state soil is a soil that has special significance to a particular state.Each state in the United States has selected a state soil, twenty of which have been legislatively established.