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  2. Series and parallel springs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_springs

    The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)

  3. Standard linear solid model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Linear_Solid_model

    The standard linear solid (SLS), also known as the Zener model after Clarence Zener, [1] is a method of modeling the behavior of a viscoelastic material using a linear combination of springs and dashpots to represent elastic and viscous components, respectively. Often, the simpler Maxwell model and the Kelvin–Voigt model are used.

  4. Torsion spring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_spring

    A helical torsion spring, is a metal rod or wire in the shape of a helix (coil) that is subjected to twisting about the axis of the coil by sideways forces (bending moments) applied to its ends, twisting the coil tighter. Clocks use a spiral wound torsion spring (a form of helical torsion spring where the coils are around each other instead of ...

  5. Kelvin–Voigt material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin–Voigt_material

    A Kelvin–Voigt material, also called a Voigt material, is the most simple model viscoelastic material showing typical rubbery properties. It is purely elastic on long timescales (slow deformation), but shows additional resistance to fast deformation. The model was developed independently by the British physicist Lord Kelvin [1] in 1865 and by ...

  6. Belleville washer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belleville_washer

    Belleville spring stack in series Belleville spring stack in parallel. Multiple Belleville washers may be stacked to modify the spring constant (or spring rate) or the amount of deflection. Stacking in the same direction will add the spring constant in parallel, creating a stiffer joint (with the same deflection).

  7. Effective mass (spring–mass system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_mass_(spring...

    The effective mass of the spring in a spring-mass system when using a heavy spring (non-ideal) of uniform linear density is of the mass of the spring and is independent of the direction of the spring-mass system (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and oblique systems all have the same effective mass). This is because external acceleration does not ...

  8. Spring (device) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(device)

    Simplified LaCoste suspension using a zero-length spring Spring length L vs force F graph of ordinary (+), zero-length (0) and negative-length (−) springs with the same minimum length L 0 and spring constant. Zero-length spring is a term for a specially designed coil spring that would exert zero force if it had zero length. That is, in a line ...

  9. Viscoelasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscoelasticity

    Under this model, if the material is put under a constant strain, the stresses gradually relax. When a material is put under a constant stress, the strain has two components. First, an elastic component occurs instantaneously, corresponding to the spring, and relaxes immediately upon release of the stress.