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Gastrin is a linear peptide hormone produced by G cells of the duodenum and in the pyloric antrum of the stomach.It is secreted into the bloodstream. The encoded polypeptide is preprogastrin, which is cleaved by enzymes in posttranslational modification to produce progastrin (an intermediate, inactive precursor) and then gastrin in various forms, primarily the following three:
Gastrin-releasing peptide is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. [10] The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate bombesin/GRP neurons of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.
Upon initiation of the reflex, the release of gastrin by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach is shut off. This in turn inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid ( HCl ). [ 1 ]
A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells . G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum , and occasionally in the pancreas [ 1 ] and duodenum .
Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion by directly stimulating parietal cells as well as by promoting histamine secretion by ECL cells. 4) In both the antrum and corpus, the vagus nerve inhibits delta cells (D cells), thus reducing their release of somatostatin and reducing background inhibition of gastrin release.
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) regulates numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation and is a potent mitogen for neoplastic tissues.
Stimulus for release; Gastrin: G Cells in stomach ECL cells; parietal cells None Increases acid secretion, increases mucus growth Stimulates gastric contraction None Peptides and amino acids in lumen; gastrin releasing peptide and ACh in nervous reflexes Cholecystokinin (CCK) Endocrine I cells of the small intestine; neurons of the brain and gut
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide stimulates the release of gastrin and other gastrointestinal hormones. It helps regulate food intake . There are also two types of progastrin, the intracellular progastrin discussed in this article and the extracellular progastrin, mainly called hPG80 .
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