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The hypothesis of Andreas Cellarius, showing the planetary motions in eccentric and epicyclical orbits. A hypothesis (pl.: hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be based on observations and make a testable and reproducible prediction about reality, in a process beginning with an educated guess or ...
An example of Neyman–Pearson hypothesis testing (or null hypothesis statistical significance testing) can be made by a change to the radioactive suitcase example. If the "suitcase" is actually a shielded container for the transportation of radioactive material, then a test might be used to select among three hypotheses: no radioactive source ...
A one-sample Student's t-test is a location test of whether the mean of a population has a value specified in a null hypothesis. In testing the null hypothesis that the population mean is equal to a specified value μ 0, one uses the statistic = ¯ /,
Consider the following example. Given the test scores of two random samples, one of men and one of women, does one group score better than the other? A possible null hypothesis is that the mean male score is the same as the mean female score: H 0: μ 1 = μ 2. where H 0 = the null hypothesis, μ 1 = the mean of population 1, and μ 2 = the mean ...
"Student distribution", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press, 2001 [1994] Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (S) (Remarks on the history of the term "Student's distribution") Rouaud, M. (2013), Probability, Statistics and Estimation (PDF) (short ed.) First Students on page 112.
In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part 1 / 2 . Many consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics . [ 1 ]
Fallacy of the transposed conditional, aka prosecutor's fallacy: criticisms arise because the hypothesis testing approach forces one hypothesis (the null hypothesis) to be favored, since what is being evaluated is the probability of the observed result given the null hypothesis and not probability of the null hypothesis given the observed result.
Whether it is justifiable to reject a hypothesis based on a low probability without knowing the probability of an alternative; Whether a hypothesis could ever be accepted based solely on data In mathematics, deduction proves, while counter-examples disprove. In the Popperian philosophy of science, progress is made when theories are disproven.