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The mass–energy equivalence postulated by general relativity implies that the vacuum energy should exert a gravitational force. Hence, the vacuum energy is expected to contribute to the cosmological constant, which in turn impinges on the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Ordinary matter forms dense objects because it has numerous ways to lose energy. Losing energy would be essential for object formation, because a particle that gains energy during compaction or falling "inward" under gravity, and cannot lose it any other way, will heat up and increase velocity and momentum. Dark matter appears to lack a means ...
An attempt to directly observe and relate quanta or fields like the chameleon particle or the symmetron theory to dark energy, in a laboratory setting, failed to detect a new force. [39] Inferring the presence of dark energy through its interaction with baryons in the cosmic microwave background has also led to a negative result, [ 40 ...
A team of researchers using the James Webb Space Telescope found the source of energy heating the gas clouds around a black hole.
A black hole is a region of spacetime wherein gravity is so strong that no matter or electromagnetic energy (e.g. light) can escape it. [2] Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole.
The chameleon is a hypothetical scalar particle that couples to matter more weakly than gravity, [1] postulated as a dark energy candidate. [2] Due to a non-linear self-interaction, it has a variable effective mass which is an increasing function of the ambient energy density—as a result, the range of the force mediated by the particle is predicted to be very small in regions of high density ...
Some special cases of quintessence are phantom energy, in which w q < −1, [16] and k-essence (short for kinetic quintessence), which has a non-standard form of kinetic energy. If this type of energy were to exist, it would cause a big rip [ 17 ] in the universe due to the growing energy density of dark energy, which would cause the expansion ...
Each energy level E n depends on the shape, and so one should write E n (s) for the energy level, and E(s) for the vacuum expectation value. At this point comes an important observation: The force at point p on the wall of the cavity is equal to the change in the vacuum energy if the shape s of the wall is perturbed a little bit, say by δs, at ...