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The Hitler Youth (German: Hitlerjugend [ˈhɪtlɐˌjuːɡn̩t] ⓘ, often abbreviated as HJ, ⓘ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. From 1936 until 1945, it was ...
After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, he was appointed Jugendführer (Youth Leader) of the German Reich, responsible for all youth organizations in the nation. In 1940, Schirach saw action as an infantryman in the French Campaign , for which he was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class .
Reichsjugendführer ("National Youth Leader") was the highest paramilitary rank of the Hitler Youth. [1] On 30 October 1931, Hitler appointed Baldur von Schirach as the Reich Youth Leader of the Nazi Party. [2] In 1933, after the Nazi seizure of state power, all youth organizations in Germany were brought under Schirach's control [3] [4] and he ...
Artur Axmann (18 February 1913 – 24 October 1996) was the German Nazi national leader (Reichsjugendführer) of the Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend) from 1940 to 1945, when the war ended. He was the last living Nazi with a rank equivalent to Reichsleiter .
Alfons Heck (3 November 1928 – 11 April 2005) was a Hitler Youth member who eventually became a Hitler Youth Officer and a fanatical adherent of Nazism during the Third Reich. In the 1970s, decades after he immigrated to the United States via Canada, Heck began to write candidly of his youthful military experiences in news articles and two books.
After a short power struggle with the "Schilljugend", founded by Gerhard Roßbach, Gruber in the end prevailed and his Greater German Youth Movement became the Nazi Party's official youth organization. In July 1926, it was given the new name "Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth" ("Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend").
The first began as the Jungsturm Adolf Hitler and the Jugendbund der NSDAP; they would later become the Hitler Youth. [45] [46] The other was the Stabswache (Staff Guard), which in May 1923 was renamed the Stoßtrupp-Hitler (Shock Troop-Hitler). [47] This early incarnation of a bodyguard unit for Hitler would later become the Schutzstaffel (SS ...
Once membership in the Hitler Youth organization had become mandatory, "German authorities ... prohibited or dissolved competing youth organizations". [1] The Nazi Party used the Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls as the primary tools to shape the minds of the German youth and create the illusion of a mass community that reached ...