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Paraffin waxes are mixtures of saturated n- and iso- alkanes, naphthenes, and alkyl- and naphthene-substituted aromatic compounds. A typical alkane paraffin wax chemical composition comprises hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H 2n+2, such as hentriacontane, C 31 H 64. The degree of branching has an important influence on the properties.
Chemical compounds of the four most abundant n-alkyl compounds in epicuticular waxes of terrestrial waxes, with I being n-alkane, II n-alkanol, III n-alkanoic acid, and IV wax ester. [20] Epicuticular wax and its successor aliphatic compounds are also used as biomarkers for higher plants.
The wax scales are about three millimetres (0.12 in) across and 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) thick, and about 1100 are needed to make a gram of wax. [3] Worker bees use the beeswax to build honeycomb cells. For the wax-making bees to secrete wax, the ambient temperature in the hive must be 33 to 36 °C (91 to 97 °F).
The fatty acids in wax esters derived from plants typically range from C12-C24, and the alcohols in plant waxes tend to be very long, typically C24-C34. [2] The fatty acids and fatty alcohols of wax esters from different marine animals show major differences. Wax esters of sperm whales contain C12 fatty acids and C14 fatty acid and alcohols.
Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. Earwax can be many colors, including brown, orange, red, yellowish, and gray.
The materials used to wax produce depend to some extent on regulations in the country of production and/or export. Both natural waxes (carnauba, [12] shellac, beeswax or resin [4]) and petroleum-based waxes (usually proprietary formulae) [3] are used, and often more than one wax is combined to create the desired properties for the fruit or vegetable being treated.
Bone wax as a sterile preparation for surgery. Bone wax is a waxy substance used to help mechanically control bleeding from bone surfaces during surgical procedures.. It is generally made of beeswax [1] with a softening agent such as paraffin or petroleum jelly and is smeared across the bleeding edge of the bone, blocking the holes and causing immediate bone hemostasis through a tamponade effect.
Cutin is one of two waxy polymers that are the main components of the plant cuticle, which covers all aerial surfaces of plants, the other being cutan. It is an insoluble substance with waterproof quality. Cutin also harbors cuticular waxes, which assist in cuticle structure. [1]