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The rootlets unite to form an anterior (ventral) or posterior (dorsal) root of a spinal nerve. The anterior/ventral root contains efferent nerve fibres, which carry stimuli away from the CNS towards their target structures.
The dorsal root of spinal nerve (or posterior root of spinal nerve or sensory root) [1] is one of two "roots" which emerge from the spinal cord. It emerges directly from the spinal cord, and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. Nerve fibres with the ventral root then combine to form a spinal nerve.
The dorsal root ganglion, more recently referred to as the spinal ganglion, is a collection of neuronal cell bodies of sensory neurons. It is the most common type of sensory ganglion in the human body. Each cell body in the ganglion belongs to what is considered to be a pseudounipolar neuron.
Dorsal nerve roots carry sensory neural signals to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Anatomically, a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) emerges from the dorsal root of the spinal nerves (see Image. Dorsal Root Ganglion and Proximal Nerve Roots in the Spinal Foramen).
What is the function of dorsal root ganglia? The function of the dorsal root ganglia is to transmit sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
Dorsal and ventral roots enter and leave the vertebral column respectively through intervertebral foramen at the vertebral segments corresponding to the spinal segment. The cord is sheathed in the same three meninges as is the brain: the pia, arachnoid and dura.
Each nerve forms from nerve fibers, known as fila radicularia, extending from the posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) roots of the spinal cord. The roots connect via interneurons. Grossly, the root fibers join together within the intervertebral foramina to form a spinal nerve.
The most common type of sensory ganglion is a dorsal (posterior) root ganglion. These ganglia are the cell bodies of neurons with axons that are sensory endings in the periphery, such as in the skin, and that extend into the CNS through the dorsal nerve root.
These rootlets carry nerve fibers both toward and away from the spinal cord. The dorsal rootlets carry sensory (afferent) fibers to the spinal cord, and ventral rootlets carry motor (efferent) fibers away from the spinal cord.
Each dorsal root (also named the posterior root, radix posterior, radix dorsalis or radix sensoria) is attached to the dorsolateral sulcus of the spinal cord by a series of rootlets arranged in a line – the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). Dorsal roots are larger than the ventral roots, with thicker and more numerous fibers.