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Functional programming. In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions are trees of expressions that map values to other values, rather than a sequence of imperative statements which ...
In functional programming, a monad is a structure that combines program fragments and wraps their return values in a type with additional computation. In addition to defining a wrapping monadic type, monads define two operators: one to wrap a value in the monad type, and another to compose together functions that output values of the monad type (these are known as monadic functions).
Purely functional programming. In computer science, purely functional programming usually designates a programming paradigm —a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats all computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions. Program state and mutable objects are usually modeled with temporal logic ...
The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages. Name. Pure. Lazy evaluation. Typing. Abstract data types. Algebraic data types. Data is immutable. Type classes.
Declarative programming stands in contrast to imperative programming via imperative programming languages, where control flow is specified by serial orders (imperatives). (Pure) functional and logic-based programming languages are also declarative, and constitute the major subcategories of the declarative category. This section lists additional ...
Fold (higher-order function) In functional programming, fold (also termed reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject) refers to a family of higher-order functions that analyze a recursive data structure and through use of a given combining operation, recombine the results of recursively processing its constituent parts, building up a ...
Functor (functional programming) Applying fmap (+1) to a binary tree of integers increments each integer in the tree by one. In functional programming, a functor is a design pattern inspired by the definition from category theory that allows one to apply a function to values inside a generic type without changing the structure of the generic type.
Total functional programming (also known as strong functional programming, to be contrasted with ordinary, or weak functional programming) is a programming paradigm that restricts the range of programs to those that are provably terminating. Restrictions. Termination is guaranteed by the following restrictions: