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By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes. The first 1000 primes are listed below, followed by lists of notable types of prime numbers in alphabetical order, giving their respective first terms. 1 is neither prime nor composite.
The tables contain the prime factorization of the natural numbers from 1 to 1000. When n is a prime number, the prime factorization is just n itself, written in bold below. The number 1 is called a unit. It has no prime factors and is neither prime nor composite.
The following is a list of all currently known Mersenne primes and perfect numbers, along with their corresponding exponents p. As of 2023, there are 51 known Mersenne primes (and therefore perfect numbers), the largest 17 of which have been discovered by the distributed computing project Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, or GIMPS. [2]
M 4,423 was the first prime discovered with more than 1000 digits, M 44,497 was the first with more than 10,000, and M 6,972,593 was the first with more than a million. In general, the number of digits in the decimal representation of M n equals ⌊ n × log 10 2⌋ + 1 , where ⌊ x ⌋ denotes the floor function (or equivalently ⌊log 10 M n ...
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a ...
A prime gap is the difference between two successive prime numbers. The n -th prime gap, denoted gn or g (pn) is the difference between the (n + 1)-st and the n -th prime numbers, i.e. We have g1 = 1, g2 = g3 = 2, and g4 = 4. The sequence (gn) of prime gaps has been extensively studied; however, many questions and conjectures remain unanswered.
In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. It does so by iteratively marking as composite (i.e., not prime) the multiples of each prime, starting with the first prime number, 2. The multiples of a given prime are generated as a sequence of numbers starting from that ...
The reciprocals of prime numbers have been of interest to mathematicians for various reasons. They do not have a finite sum, as Leonhard Euler proved in 1737. Like rational numbers, the reciprocals of primes have repeating decimal representations. In his later years, George Salmon (1819–1904) concerned himself with the repeating periods of ...