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International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello). [1] [2] It is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting persons who are not participating in hostilities and by restricting and regulating the means and methods of warfare available to combatants.
A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of the 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
Responsibility to protect. The responsibility to protect (R2P or RtoP) is a global political commitment which was endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit in order to address its four key concerns to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. [1][2] The doctrine is regarded as a ...
It was adopted in August 1949, and came into force in October 1950. [1] While the first three conventions dealt with combatants, the Fourth Geneva Convention was the first to deal with humanitarian protections for civilians in a war zone. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this and the other three ...
The Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929. [1][2] Its official name is the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. It entered into force 19 June 1931. [3] It is this version of the Geneva Conventions which covered the treatment of prisoners of war during World War II.
International humanitarian law. The law of war is a component of international law that regulates the conditions for initiating war (jus ad bellum) and the conduct of hostilities (jus in bello). Laws of war define sovereignty and nationhood, states and territories, occupation, and other critical terms of law.
Unlawful combatant. An unlawful combatant, illegal combatant or unprivileged combatant / belligerent is a person who directly engages in armed conflict in violation of the laws of war and therefore is claimed not to be protected by the Geneva Conventions. [1][2][3] The International Committee of the Red Cross points out that the terms "unlawful ...
The legal effect of the status depends on the category of civilian persons and their location (on the territory of adversary Party or on the occupied territory). [47] The civilians can lose the protection against the attacks, if they participate in the hostilities against the enemy. [48] [49]