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The south pole region features many craters and basins such as the South Pole–Aitken basin, which appears to be one of the most fundamental features of the Moon, [7] and mountains, such as Epsilon Peak at 9.050 km, taller than any mountain found on Earth. The south pole temperature averages approximately 260 K (−13 °C; 8 °F).
The South Pole–Aitken basin (SPA Basin, / ˈ eɪ t k ɪ n /) is an immense impact crater on the far side of the Moon.At roughly 2,500 km (1,600 mi) in diameter and between 6.2 and 8.2 km (3.9–5.1 mi) deep, it is one of the largest known impact craters in the Solar System.
"The Face" near the Moon's South Pole. The Face on Moon South Pole is a region on the Moon (81.9° south latitude and 39.27° east longitude) that was detected automatically in an image from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter by a computer system using face recognition technologies, [1] as a result of a project that was part of the International Space App Challenge 2013 Tokyo.
Its most extensive topographic feature is the giant far-side South Pole–Aitken basin, some 2,240 km (1,390 mi) in diameter, the largest crater on the Moon and the second-largest confirmed impact crater in the Solar System. [118] [119] At 13 km (8.1 mi) deep, its floor is the lowest point on the surface of the Moon.
The Moon has been divided into 30 quadrangles by the United States Geological Survey at the 1:2,500,000 map scale. [1] At the 1:1,000,000 scale it's divided into 144 quadrangles. [2] The quadrangles are numbered in bands from north to south. Each band is then divided into a latitude-dependent number of quadrangles.
The rotational axis of the Moon passes through Shackleton, near the rim. The crater is 21 km (13 miles) in diameter and 4.2 km (2.6 miles) deep. [2] From the Earth, it is viewed edge-on in a region of rough, cratered terrain. It is located within the South Pole–Aitken basin on a massif. [3]
Mons Mouton is the Moon's tallest mountain that has been officially named. [1] The base to peak height of this flat-topped mountain is 6 km per altimetry data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. [1] [2] It lies between the craters Nobile and Malapert, within 6° of the lunar South Pole on the Moon's near-side. This is a region of special ...
The South Pole-Aitken basin is located at the lunar south pole. This is the second largest known impact basin in the Solar System, as well as the oldest and biggest impact feature on the Moon, [38] and should provide geologists access to deeper layers of the Moon's crust. It is where the Chinese Chang'e 4 has landed, on the far side.