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Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin [2] (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. [1] Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. [1] Hair loss may occur in the area affected. [1] Symptoms begin four to fourteen days after exposure. [1]
One of the most frequent forms is dermatophytosis (ringworm, tinea) which includes tinea pedis, also known as athlete's foot. Another example is cutaneous candidiasis. These fungal infections impair superficial layers of the skin, hair and nails. [1] Dermatomycosis is one of the most common types of infection worldwide. [2]
Signs and symptoms range widely. [3] There is usually a rash with superficial infection. [2] Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. [3] Pneumonia-like symptoms or meningitis may occur with a deeper or systemic infection. [2] Fungi are everywhere, but only some cause disease. [13]
Tinea versicolor (also known as dermatomycosis furfuracea, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea flava) [2] is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities, hypopigmentation macule in area of sun induced pigmentation. During the winter the pigment becomes reddish brown.
Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by several different species of fungi. The fungal genera which cause skin infections in humans include Trichophyton , Epidermophyton , and Microsporum . [ 21 ]
Children from ages 3–7 are most commonly infected with tinea capitis. [3] Trichophyton tonsurans is the most common cause of out breaks of tinea capitis in children, and is the main cause of endothrix (inside hair) infections. Trichophyton rubrum is also a very common cause of favus, a form of tinea capitis in which crusts are seen on the scalp.
It may have a variety of appearances; most easily identifiable are the enlarging raised red rings with a central area of clearing (). [3]The same appearances of ringworm may also occur on the scalp (tinea capitis), beard area (tinea barbae) or the groin (tinea cruris, known as jock itch or dhobi itch).
Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota.It is an exclusively clonal, [2] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide. [3]