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Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy. The therapy targets immune checkpoints , key regulators of the immune system that when stimulated can dampen the immune response to an immunologic stimulus.
This checkpoint is the target of Merck & Co.'s melanoma drug Keytruda, which gained FDA approval in September 2014. The checkpoint is also the target of EMD Serono (Merck KGaA)'s drug Bavencio, which gained FDA approval in 2017. An advantage of targeting PD-1 is that it can restore immune function in the tumor microenvironment.
The prevalence of checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis varies depending on the regimen of immunotherapy. The incidence is 0.7 – 1.6% for anti- programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) agents, 5.7 – 9.1% for anti- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and about 13.6% for combination therapy. [ 2 ]
Micrograph showing a PD-L1 positive lung adenocarcinoma.Positive immunostaining can predict response to the treatment.. PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors are a group of checkpoint inhibitor anticancer drugs that block the activity of PD-1 and PDL1 immune checkpoint proteins present on the surface of cells.
An immune checkpoint regulator is a modulator of the immune system, that allows initiation of a productive immune response and prevents the onset of autoimmunity. Examples of such a molecule are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152), which is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells and programmed cell death 1 (CD279), which has an important role in down-regulating the immune ...
Eftilagimod alpha ("efti" in short) is a soluble LAG-3 fusion protein that activates antigen-presenting cells.It is a 160 kDa protein consisting of the four extracellular domains of LAG-3 fused to the Fc region of an IgG1(LAG-3Ig).
A MEK inhibitor is a chemical or drug that inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes MEK1 and/or MEK2.They can be used to affect the MAPK/ERK pathway which is often overactive in some cancers.
1555 13088 Ensembl ENSG00000197408 ENSMUSG00000030483 UniProt P20813 P12791 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000767 NM_009999 RefSeq (protein) NP_000758 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 40.99 – 41.02 Mb Chr 7: 25.6 – 25.63 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene. CYP2B6 is a member of the cytochrome P450 group of ...