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The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian [1] after Charles Hermite. It is often denoted by A † in fields like physics , especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics .
In gate-based quantum computing, various sets of quantum logic gates are commonly used to express quantum operations. The following tables list several unitary quantum logic gates, together with their common name, how they are represented, and some of their properties.
The conjugate transpose "adjoint" matrix should not be confused with the adjugate, (), which is also sometimes called adjoint. The conjugate transpose of a matrix A {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} } with real entries reduces to the transpose of A {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} } , as the conjugate of a real number is the number itself.
In mathematical analysis, a Hermitian function is a complex function with the property that its complex conjugate is equal to the original function with the variable changed in sign: f ∗ ( x ) = f ( − x ) {\displaystyle f^{*}(x)=f(-x)}
Technically, † is the Hermitian adjoint of the operator a r (p) in the inner product space of ket vectors. The identification of a r † ( p ) {\displaystyle a_{r}^{\dagger }(\mathbf {p} )} and a r ( p ) as creation and annihilation operators comes from comparing conserved quantities for a state before and after one of these have acted upon it.
The Hermitian Laplacian matrix is a key tool in this context, as it is used to analyze the spectra of mixed graphs. [4] The Hermitian-adjacency matrix of a mixed graph is another important concept, as it is a Hermitian matrix that plays a role in studying the energies of mixed graphs. [5]
With permutation matrices the determinant matches the signature, being +1 or −1 as the parity of the permutation is even or odd, for the determinant is an alternating function of the rows. Stronger than the determinant restriction is the fact that an orthogonal matrix can always be diagonalized over the complex numbers to exhibit a full set ...
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a complex Hilbert space H is a continuous linear operator N : H → H that commutes with its Hermitian adjoint N*, that is: NN* = N*N. [1] Normal operators are important because the spectral theorem holds for them. The class of normal operators is well understood.