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It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun. Simplified scheme of shotgun sequencing technique: firstly, the DNA fragment is cut into small, overlapping pieces. Then each fragment is sequenced, and the complete sequence is assembled based on the similarity of the overlapping ends.
The sequence-driven approach to screening is limited by the breadth and accuracy of gene functions present in public sequence databases. In practice, experiments make use of a combination of both functional and sequence-based approaches based upon the function of interest, the complexity of the sample to be screened, and other factors.
RNA-Seq has the potential to identify new disease biology, profile biomarkers for clinical indications, infer druggable pathways, and make genetic diagnoses. [ 151 ] [ 152 ] These results could be further personalized for subgroups or even individual patients, potentially highlighting more effective prevention, diagnostics, and therapy.
However, it is sometimes desirable to sequence RNA molecules. While sequencing DNA gives a genetic profile of an organism, sequencing RNA reflects only the sequences that are actively expressed in the cells. To sequence RNA, the usual method is first to reverse transcribe the RNA extracted from the sample to generate cDNA fragments. This can ...
A sequence in biology is the one-dimensional ordering of monomers, covalently linked within a biopolymer; it is also referred to as the primary structure of a biological macromolecule. While it can refer to many different molecules, the term sequence is most often used to refer to a DNA sequence or a protein sequence .
An EST results from one-shot sequencing of a cloned cDNA. The cDNAs used for EST generation are typically individual clones from a cDNA library. The resulting sequence is a relatively low-quality fragment whose length is limited by current technology to approximately 500 to 800 nucleotides. Because these clones consist of DNA that is ...
The limitation of genomic survey sequence is that it lacks long-range continuity because of its fragmentary nature, which makes it harder to forecast gene and marker order. For example, to detect repetitive sequences in GSS data, it may not be possible to find out all the repeats since the repetitive genome may be longer than the reads, which ...
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses.