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A fat tax is a tax or surcharge that is placed upon fattening food, beverages or on overweight individuals. [1] It is considered an example of Pigovian taxation. A fat tax aims to discourage unhealthy diets and offset the economic costs of obesity. A fat tax aims to decrease the consumption of foods that are linked to obesity.
There is a debate about the fact that globalization contributes to the obesity pandemics. A 2013 cross sectional review showed that, in high income countries, the global increase in BMI is positively associated with both the index of economic globalization and inequality between countries, after adjustment for covariates.
The total annual direct cost of overweight and obesity in Australia in 2005 was A$21 billion. Overweight and obese Australians also received A$35.6 billion in government subsidies. [246] The estimated range for annual expenditures on diet products is $40 billion to $100 billion in the US alone. [247]
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
Overconsumption describes a situation where consumers overuse their available goods and services to where they can't, or don't want to, replenish or reuse them. [1] In microeconomics, this is the point where the marginal cost of a consumer is greater than their marginal utility.
Haig–Simons income or Schanz–Haig–Simons income is an income measure used by public finance economists to analyze economic well-being which defines income as consumption plus change in net worth. [1] [2] It is represented by the mathematical formula: I = C + ΔNW. where C = consumption and ΔNW = change in net worth.
In economics, a price mechanism refers to the way in which price determines the allocation of resources and influences the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded of goods and services. The price mechanism, part of a market system , functions in various ways to match up buyers and sellers: as an incentive, a signal, and a rationing system ...
In economics, distribution is the way total output, income, or wealth is distributed among individuals or among the factors of production (such as labour, land, and capital). [1] In general theory and in for example the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, each unit of output corresponds to a