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Ischemia, electrolyte, pH abnormalities, or bradycardia are potential causes of functionally defined re-entry due to changes in the properties of the cardiac tissue's functional core. [2] (No accessory pathway required). For reentry to occur, the path length of circuit should be greater than the wave length (ERP × conduction velocity) of impulse.
Cardiac stress testing is used to determine to assess cardiac function and to disclose evidence of exertion-related cardiac hypoxia. Radionuclide testing using thallium or technetium can be used to demonstrate areas of perfusion abnormalities. With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not ...
The underlying mechanism typically involves an accessory pathway that results in re-entry. [3] Diagnosis is typically by an electrocardiogram (ECG) which shows narrow QRS complexes and a fast heart rhythm typically between 150 and 240 beats per minute. [3] Vagal maneuvers, such as the Valsalva maneuver, are often used as the initial treatment. [4]
Abnormal impulses can begin by one of three mechanisms: automaticity, re-entry, or triggered activity. A specialized form of re-entry which is both common and problematic is termed fibrillation. [citation needed] Although the term "tachycardia" has been known for over 160 years, bases for the classification of arrhythmias are still being discussed.
They are generally due to one of two mechanisms: re-entry or increased automaticity. [3] Diagnosis is typically by electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, or event monitor. [4] Blood tests may be done to rule out specific underlying causes such as hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytomas, or electrolyte abnormalities. [4]
The main symptom of AVNRT is the sudden development of rapid regular palpitations. [1] These palpitations may be associated with a fluttering sensation in the neck, caused by near-simultaneous contraction of the atria and ventricles against a closed tricuspid valve leading to the pressure or atrial contraction being transmitted backwards into the venous system. [2]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cardiology, the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the human heart. [1] The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology.
Cardiology Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ( AVRT ), or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia , is a type of heart arrhythmia with an abnormally fast rhythm ( tachycardia ); it is classified as a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).