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The Siege of Córdoba, culminating in Ferdinand III's capture of the city, was a turning point in the Reconquista, consolidating Christian control over Al-Andalus. The event also left a lasting impact on Córdoba's cultural and architectural landscape, as Christian rulers sought to integrate Islamic influences into their domains.
The city of Córdoba in al-Andalus, under the rule of Umayyad Caliph Hisham II al-Hakam, was besieged by Berbers from November 1009 until May 1013, with the city beyond the Roman walls completely destroyed. [1] The siege, and the massacres and sacking that followed have been linked to the decline and end of Umayyad rule. [2]
The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah).
The inner city of Cordoba was surrounded by 11 palaces, 22 almuna and 12 arbad (or suburbs), mainly on the right bank of the Guadalquivir, and in particular to the north and west of the city. Not much later, Ibn Bashkuwal lists a total of 21 suburbs (two to the south, three to the north, seven to the east and nine to the west).
1244 – Arjona and Baeza fall to the Reconquista and will remain in Christian hands thereafter. James I captures the Xativa Castle and city from Abu Bakr who signs the Treaty of Xàtiva effectively becoming a vassal to the Christian Kingdom. 1245 – Muslim troubles start in Valencia.
After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031, Al-Andalus fragmented into a collection of small, independent Taifa emirates. Following the abdication and flight of the last caliph from Córdoba, the city was left without a leader.
After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031 about 33 independent taifas emerged out the civil war and conflict in al-Andalus. Many of the less tenable taifa kingdoms had disappeared by the 1030s, having been taken over by more powerful neighboring taifas . [ 2 ]
45 BCE – Battle of Munda occurs near Cordoba. [2] 294 CE – Hosius becomes bishop. [3] 554 CE – Byzantines in power. [1] 571 – Visigoth Liuvigild in power. [1] 719 – Capital of al-Andalus relocated from Seville to Cordoba. [1] 756 – Abd al-Rahman I, founder and first emir of the Emirate of Córdoba, rules from 756 to 788.