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  2. Michelson–Morley experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson–Morley_experiment

    For instance, the Fizeau wheel could measure the speed of light to perhaps 5% accuracy, which was quite inadequate for measuring directly a first-order 0.01% change in the speed of light. A number of physicists therefore attempted to make measurements of indirect first-order effects not of the speed of light itself, but of variations in the ...

  3. Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson–Gale–Pearson...

    The Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment (1925) is a modified version of the Michelson–Morley experiment and the Sagnac-Interferometer.It measured the Sagnac effect due to Earth's rotation, and thus tests the theories of special relativity and luminiferous ether along the rotating frame of Earth.

  4. Earth's rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_rotation

    Earth's rotation axis moves with respect to the fixed stars (inertial space); the components of this motion are precession and nutation. It also moves with respect to Earth's crust; this is called polar motion. Precession is a rotation of Earth's rotation axis, caused primarily by external torques from the gravity of the Sun, Moon and other bodies.

  5. Tests of general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity

    Some important effects are Earth's nutation, rotation, atmospheric refraction, tectonic displacement and tidal waves. Another important effect is refraction of the radio waves by the solar corona . Fortunately, this effect has a characteristic spectrum , whereas gravitational distortion is independent of wavelength.

  6. Precession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession

    Section dm 1, therefore, has a lot of angular rotating velocity with respect to the rotation around the pivot axis, and as dm 1 is forced closer to the pivot axis of the rotation (by the wheel spinning further), because of the Coriolis effect, with respect to the vertical pivot axis, dm 1 tends to move in the direction of the top-left arrow in ...

  7. Astronomical nutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_nutation

    An example of precession and nutation is the variation over time of the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Earth. This is important because the most commonly used frame of reference for measurement of the positions of astronomical objects is the Earth's equator — the so-called equatorial coordinate system. The effect of precession and ...

  8. Foucault pendulum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulum

    The pendulum was introduced in 1851 and was the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the Earth's rotation. Foucault followed up in 1852 with a gyroscope experiment to further demonstrate the Earth's rotation. Foucault pendulums today are popular displays in science museums and universities. [1]

  9. Coriolis frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_frequency

    If the Coriolis parameter is large, the effect of the Earth's rotation on the body is significant since it will need a larger angular frequency to stay in equilibrium with the Coriolis forces. Alternatively, if the Coriolis parameter is small, the effect of the Earth's rotation is small since only a small fraction of the centripetal force on ...

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