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In chemistry, a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl (>S(=O) 2) group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula RSO 2 X, where X is a halogen.The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides, all four types being well known.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
Zinc fluoride can be synthesized several ways. The reaction of zinc metal with fluorine gas. [3] Reaction of hydrofluoric acid with zinc, to yield hydrogen gas (H 2) and zinc fluoride (ZnF 2). [3] Zinc fluoride can be hydrolysed by hot water to form the zinc hydroxide fluoride, Zn(OH)F. [5] The salt is believed to form both a tetrahydrate and a ...
The modest acidity of carbons adjacent to the sulfonyl group has made sulfones useful for organic synthesis. Upon removal of the sulfonyl group with desulfonylation or reductive elimination, the net result is the formation of a carbon-carbon bond single or double bond between two unfunctionalized carbons, a ubiquitous motif in synthetic targets.
Trimethylsilyl enol ethers react with NfF in the presence of a substoichiometric fluoride source at 0 °C to ambient temperature to give alkenyl nonaflates in moderate to good yields. Dried tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride was the preferred fluoride source in one study, [6] but CsF has been used in difficult cases with excellent results. [7]
Zinc nitrate is usually prepared by dissolving zinc metal, zinc oxide, or related materials in nitric acid: Zn + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 ZnO + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 O. These reactions are accompanied by the hydration of the zinc nitrate. The anhydrous salt arises by the reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with nitrogen dioxide: [1]
A classic preparation of sulfonates is the Strecker sulfite alkylation, in which an alkali sulfite salt displaces a halide, typically in the presence of an iodine catalyst: [1] RX + M 2 SO 3 → RSO 3 M + MX. An alternative is the condensation of a sulfonyl halide with an alcohol in pyridine: [2] ROH + R'SO 2 Cl → ROSO 2 R' + HCl