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Surplus labour (German: Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.It means labour performed in excess of the labour necessary to produce the means of livelihood of the worker ("necessary labour").
They are not normally kept under arms, and their main role is to be available when their military requires additional manpower. [1] Reserve forces are generally considered part of a permanent standing body of armed forces, and allow a nation to reduce its peacetime military expenditures and maintain a force prepared for war.
The Swedish Auxiliary Police (Beredskapspolisen) was created in 1986 with the purpose to aid the Swedish Police Authority, primarily as a pool of trained manpower in special situations such as larger disturbances of the peace, major black-outs and power failures, and natural disasters. The Auxiliary Police were disbanded on 1 October 2012 after ...
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. [1] [2] A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command. [3]
Brooks's law is an observation about software project management that "Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later." [1] [2] It was coined by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month. According to Brooks, under certain conditions, an incremental person when added to a project makes it take more, not less time.
Internal labor markets (ILM) are an administrative unit within a firm in which pricing and allocation of labor is governed by a set of administrative rules and procedures. . The remainder of jobs within the ILM is filled by the promotion or transfer of workers who have already gained ent
Increasingly, human behavior is to be guided by observation, experiment, and reason (zweckrational). [3] Change in human character is expected to be part of the process; rationalization and bureaucratization promote efficiency, and materialism , both of which are subsumed under Weber 's concept of zweckrational .
The planning processes of most best practice organizations not only define what will be accomplished within a given time-frame, but also the numbers and types of human resources that will be needed to achieve the defined business goals (e.g., number of human resources; the required competencies; when the resources will be needed; etc.).