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Developments were mostly theoretical until the Morris worm, which exploited a buffer overflow in fingerd. [5] The field of computer security developed quickly thereafter, escalating with multitudes of new attacks such as the return-to-libc attack and defense techniques such as the non-executable stack [ 6 ] and address space layout randomization .
Visualization of a software buffer overflow. Data is written into A, but is too large to fit within A, so it overflows into B.. In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations.
Canaries or canary words or stack cookies are known values that are placed between a buffer and control data on the stack to monitor buffer overflows. When the buffer overflows, the first data to be corrupted will usually be the canary, and a failed verification of the canary data will therefore alert of an overflow, which can then be handled, for example, by invalidating the corrupted data.
Stack buffer overflow is a type of the more general programming malfunction known as buffer overflow (or buffer overrun). [1] Overfilling a buffer on the stack is more likely to derail program execution than overfilling a buffer on the heap because the stack contains the return addresses for all active function calls.
The problem is similar in nature to the year 2000 problem, the difference being the Year 2000 problem had to do with base 10 numbers, whereas the Year 2038 problem involves base 2 numbers. Analogous storage constraints will be reached in 2106 , where systems storing Unix time as an unsigned (rather than signed) 32-bit integer will overflow on 7 ...
On 5 January 1975, the 12-bit field that had been used for dates in the TOPS-10 operating system for DEC PDP-10 computers overflowed, in a bug known as "DATE75". The field value was calculated by taking the number of years since 1964, multiplying by 12, adding the number of months since January, multiplying by 31, and adding the number of days since the start of the month; putting 2 12 − 1 ...
In computer security and programming, a buffer over-read [1] [2] or out-of-bounds read [3] is an anomaly where a program, while reading data from a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and reads (or tries to read) adjacent memory.
int main {int * a = new int (5); a = nullptr; /* The pointer in the 'a' no longer exists, and therefore cannot be freed, but the memory is still allocated by the system. If the program continues to create such pointers without freeing them, it will consume memory continuously. Therefore, a leak would occur. */}