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A membranophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification. According to Sachs, The sound is produced by a membrane ["skin" or "head"] stretched over an opening.
An idiophone is any musical instrument that creates sound primarily by the vibration of the instrument itself, without the use of air flow (as with aerophones), strings (chordophones), membranes (membranophones) or electricity (electrophones). It is the first of the four main divisions in the original Hornbostel–Sachs system of musical ...
Hornbostel–Sachs. Hornbostel–Sachs or Sachs–Hornbostel is a system of musical instrument classification devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, and first published in the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie in 1914. [1] An English translation was published in the Galpin Society Journal in 1961. It is the most widely used system for ...
The Hornbostel–Sachs system categorizes musical instruments by how they make sound. It divides instruments into five groups: idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, aerophones, and electrophones. A number of instruments also exist outside the five main classes.
Instruments classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as struck or friction idiophones, struck or friction membranophones or struck chordophones. Where an instrument meets this definition but is often or traditionally excluded from the term percussion this is noted. Instruments commonly used as unpitched and/or untuned percussion.
Directly struck membranophones (211) Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly, such as through bare hands, beaters or keyboards. 211.1 Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped (kettle drums) 211.11 Single instruments. Tamak'. Timpani. 211.12 Sets of instruments. Tabla.
Cymbals, in pairs. Clash Cymbals in pairs. 111.2 Percussion Idiophones. 111.21 Percussion sticks or bars. 111.211 Individual percussion sticks. Dhantal. Triangle. 111.212 Sets of percussion sticks in a range of different pitches combined into one instrument. - All xylophones, as long as their sounding components are not in two different planes.
It is shown below that percussion instruments may belong to the organological classes of idiophone, membranophone, aerophone and chordophone. The percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as the timpani, snare drum, bass drum, tambourine, belonging to the membranophones, and cymbals and triangle, which are ...