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  2. Bladder cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer

    Those whose tumors have spread to nearby lymph nodes (stage 3 disease) have worse prognoses; 36% survive at least five years from diagnosis. Those with metastatic bladder cancer (stage 4 disease) have the most severe prognosis, with 5% alive five years from diagnosis. [14]

  3. Lymph node metastasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_node_metastasis

    Lymph node metastasis is the spread of cancer cells into a lymph node.. Lymph node metastasis is different from malignant lymphoma.Lymphoma is a cancer of lymph node, rather than cancer in the lymph node, because lymphoma originates from the lymph node itself, instead of originating elsewhere (e.g., the breast or colon) and spreading to the lymph nodes.

  4. Transitional cell carcinoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_cell_carcinoma

    Symptoms of urothelial carcinoma in the bladder include hematuria (blood in the urine). Diagnosis includes urine analysis and imaging of the urinary tract ( cystoscopy ). It accounts for 95% of bladder cancer cases and bladder cancer is in the top 10 most common malignancy disease in the world and is associated with approximately 200,000 deaths ...

  5. Lymphovascular invasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphovascular_invasion

    Lymphovascular invasion, especially in carcinomas, usually precedes spread to the lymph nodes that drain the tissue in which the tumour arose. Conversely, cancers with lymph node spread (known as a lymph node metastases), usually have lymphovascular invasion. Lymph node metastases usually precede secondary tumours, i.e. distant metastases.

  6. TNM staging system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNM_staging_system

    Diagram showing the T stages of bladder cancer. T: size or direct extent of the primary tumor Tx: tumor cannot be assessed; Tis: carcinoma in situ; T0: no evidence of tumor; T1, T2, T3, T4: size and/or extension of the primary tumor; N: degree of spread to regional lymph nodes. Nx: lymph nodes cannot be assessed; N0: no regional lymph nodes ...

  7. Sentinel lymph node - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_lymph_node

    The concept of sentinel lymph node surgery is to determine if the cancer has spread to the very first draining lymph node (called the "sentinel lymph node") or not. If the sentinel lymph node does not contain cancer, then there is a high likelihood that the cancer has not spread to any other area of the body. [2]

  8. Cancer staging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging

    A number from I to IV is assigned, with I being an isolated cancer and IV being a cancer that has metastasized and spread from its origin. The stage generally takes into account the size of a tumor , whether it has invaded adjacent organs , how many regional (nearby) lymph nodes it has spread to (if any), and whether it has appeared in more ...

  9. Ureteral cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureteral_cancer

    Regional indicates that the cancer has spread to tissues, lymph nodes, or blood vessels in the vicinity. Metastatic cancer means that it has spread to other parts of the body. Recurrent means that the cancer has returned after treatment has been completed; this can occur in the same location or other parts of the body. [10]

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