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Semolina is the name given to roughly milled durum wheat mainly used in making pasta [3] and sweet puddings. The term semolina is also used to designate coarse millings of other varieties of wheat, and sometimes other grains (such as rice or maize ) as well.
Durum wheat [2] (/ ˈ dj ʊər ə m /), also called pasta wheat [3] or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), [4] is a tetraploid species of wheat. [5] It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat , although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production. [ 6 ]
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (2n = 28, AABB) is the most commonly cultivated form of allotetraploid wheat and is grown on 8% of the world’s wheat area (FAOStat, [7]). It originated in the Mediterranean region and is used to make pasta and semolina products (Ren et al).
Wheat is a natural hybrid derived from interspecies breeding. It is theorized that wheat's ancestors (Triticum monococcum, Aegilops speltoides, and Aegilops tauschii, all diploid grasses) hybridized naturally over millennia somewhere in West Asia, to create natural polyploid hybrids, the best known of which are common wheat and durum wheat. [2]
Hexaploid wheats (e.g. T. aestivum – the most common – and T. spelta) are the result of a hybridisation between a domesticated tetraploid wheat, probably T. dicoccum or T. durum, and another goatgrass, Ae. tauschii or Ae. squarrosa. [6] [8] The hexaploid genome is an allohexaploid composed of two copies each of three subgenomes, AABBDD. [9]
"Whole grain or durum pasta are both more common in Mediterranean dishes and top with a sprinkle of crumbled feta cheese." Get the recipe for leftover turkey noodle soup. 7. Hearty vegetable bean soup
Couscous is traditionally made from semolina, the hardest part of the grain of durum wheat (the hardest of all forms of wheat), which resists the grinding of the millstone. The semolina is sprinkled with water and rolled with the hands to form small pellets, sprinkled with dry flour to keep them separate, and then sieved.
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